{"id":6862,"date":"2014-12-11T06:05:15","date_gmt":"2014-12-10T21:05:15","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/fujiitoshiki.com\/improvesociety\/?p=6862"},"modified":"2017-04-28T10:51:02","modified_gmt":"2017-04-28T01:51:02","slug":"vitamin-k","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.fujiitoshiki.com\/improvesociety\/?p=6862","title":{"rendered":"Vitamin K"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
The Dietary Reference of vitamin K (µg\/d) (2015 edition)<\/caption>\n\n
Gender<\/th>\nMale<\/th>\nFemale<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
Age<\/th>\nApproximate amount<\/th>\nApproximate amount<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/theader>\n
0-5 M<\/td>\n4<\/td>\n4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
6-11 M<\/td>\n7<\/td>\n7<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1-2<\/td>\n60<\/td>\n60<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3-5<\/td>\n70<\/td>\n70<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
6-7<\/td>\n85<\/td>\n85<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
8-9<\/td>\n100<\/td>\n100<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
10-11<\/td>\n120<\/td>\n120<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
12-14<\/td>\n150<\/td>\n150<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
15-17<\/td>\n160<\/td>\n160<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
18-29<\/td>\n150<\/td>\n150<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
30-49<\/td>\n150<\/td>\n150<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
50-69<\/td>\n150<\/td>\n150<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
70-<\/td>\n150<\/td>\n150<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Pregnant<\/td>\n<\/td>\n150<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Lactation<\/td>\n<\/td>\n150<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
The Dietary Reference of vitamin K (µg\/d) (2010 edition)<\/caption>\n\n
Gender<\/th>\nMale<\/th>\nFemale<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
Age<\/th>\nApproximate amount<\/th>\nApproximate amount<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/theader>\n
0-5 M<\/td>\n4<\/td>\n4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
6-11 M<\/td>\n7<\/td>\n7<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1-2<\/td>\n25<\/td>\n25<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3-5<\/td>\n30<\/td>\n30<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
6-7<\/td>\n40<\/td>\n40<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
8-9<\/td>\n45<\/td>\n45<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
10-11<\/td>\n55<\/td>\n55<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
12-14<\/td>\n70<\/td>\n65<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
15-17<\/td>\n80<\/td>\n60<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
18-29<\/td>\n75<\/td>\n60<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
30-49<\/td>\n75<\/td>\n65<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
50-69<\/td>\n75<\/td>\n65<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
70-<\/td>\n75<\/td>\n65<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Addition for Pregnant<\/td>\n<\/td>\n0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Addition for Lactation<\/td>\n<\/td>\n0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

The nutritionally important vitamin K are menaquinone-4 (vitamin K2<\/sub>) widely included in animal foods and menaquinone-7 produced by Bacillus Nattou. Vitamin K activates prothrombin and other clotting factor in the liver and promote blood clotting. Osteocalcin present in the bone is a vitamin K dependent protein and vitamin K activates it to adjust the bone formation. If vitamin K is insufficient, blood clotting is delayed. However, vitamin K deficiency does not occur in the normal diet. <\/p>\n

It is not known that how much the vitamin K produced by intestinal bacteria and the vitamin K synthesis in the living tissue meets the requirements of vitamin K in human, it is known that the vitamin K does not meet the requirements of the living from the report, Vitamin K deficiency from dietary vitamin K restriction in humans<\/a>. <\/p>\n

Vitamin K deficiency leads to blood clotting delay. In clinical, surgery, oral warfarin administration and long-term administration of antibiotics may leads to vitamin K deficiency. However, it is not known that how much vitamin K intake is needed to activate blood clotting. It is considered that the required amount of vitamin K for prevention of fracture is greater than the required amount for activation of blood clotting factor. <\/p>\n

Although the approximate amount of vitamin K has been set based on the report that the subjects are 10 Japanese young men, Vitamin K deficiency from dietary vitamin K restriction in humans<\/a> in 2010 edition, the report has been denied in 2015 edition because of the few subjects. <\/p>\n

In National Health and Nutrition Survey in 2010 and 2011, the average intakes of vitamin K are 185 µg\/d and 280 µg\/d, respectively. In Japanese, the intake of vitamin K depends on Natto and the vitamin K intakes are 336.2 ± 138.2 µg\/d in Natto in eater and 154.1 ± 87.8 µg\/d in non-Natto eater according to the report, Vitamin K Content of Foods and Dietary Vitamin K Intake in Japanese Young Women<\/a>. The approximate amount of vitamin K has been set to 150 µg\/d based on the report. <\/p>\n

Although it is considered to elevate the approximate amount of vitamin K in elderly, it has been set to the same amount as in adults because of insufficient reports. <\/p>\n

The approximate amount in child is extrapolated by estimating the body surface area with 0.75 square of the weight ratio. It is known that vitamin K is insufficient in newborn baby, therefore it leads to gastrointestinal bleeding a few days after birth and intracranial hemorrhage one month after birth. Therefore, oral administration of vitamin K<\/a> are recommended immediately after birth in Japan. According to the recommendation, the approximate amount of vitamin K has been set to 4 µg\/d by multiplying vitamin K concentration of human milk 5.17 µg\/L by standard lactation amount 0.78 L\/d in 0-5 months infant. It has been set to 7 µg\/d in 6-11 months infant from view of the dietary intake. <\/p>\n

There are few reports of vitamin K requirement in perinatal stage. It is considered that there is no difference of vitamin K requirement between pregnant and non-pregnant because it is difficult to pass through placenta for vitamin K, therefore it has been set to 150 µg\/d. There is no reports that vitamin K is insufficient in lactation, therefore the approximate amount of vitamin K has also been set to 150 µg\/d in lactation. <\/p>\n

The toxicity due to high dose of vitamin K is not observed, therefore the upper limit has not been set. <\/p>\n

<\/ br>
\nThe Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese (2015 edition) Fat-soluble vitamin (pdf)<\/a><\/ br>
\nThe Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese (2010 edition) Vitamin K (pdf)<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The Dietary Reference of vitamin K (µg\/d) (2015 edition) Gender Male Female Age Approximate amount Appro … “Vitamin K” \u306e<\/span>\u7d9a\u304d\u3092\u8aad\u3080<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":6031,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[536,387,534,533,535],"class_list":["post-6862","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-nutrition","tag-blood-clotting","tag-dietary-reference-intakes","tag-natto","tag-vitamin-k","tag-warfarin"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t