{"id":6984,"date":"2014-10-23T06:05:59","date_gmt":"2014-10-22T21:05:59","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/fujiitoshiki.com\/improvesociety\/?p=6984"},"modified":"2017-04-28T10:35:59","modified_gmt":"2017-04-28T01:35:59","slug":"other-lipid","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.fujiitoshiki.com\/improvesociety\/?p=6984","title":{"rendered":"Other lipids"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"theContentWrap-ccc\"><h2>Monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA)<\/h2>\n<p>Monounsaturated fatty acid is ingested from foods and synthesized by &Delta;9 desaturase in the body. The median intake of MUFA in Japanese based on the National Health and Nutrition Survey in 2010 and 2011 are 20.8 g\/d (9.0 %E) in male and 17.3 g\/d (9.5 %E) in female, respectively. <\/p>\n<p>MUFA-rich diet <a href=\"\/\/circ.ahajournals.org\/content\/100\/11\/1253.short\" target=\"_blank\">does not increase LDL cholesterol, does not decrease HDL cholesterol and does not increase neutral fat<\/a>. If carbohydrate has been replaced with MUFA or polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), <a href=\"\/\/www.bmj.com\/content\/314\/7074\/112?variant=full-text\" target=\"_blank\">it has been shown that PUFA has stronger effect of LDL cholesterol lowering than MUFA<\/a>. <\/p>\n<p>It is not consistent the association the coronary artery disease and MUFA. Although <a href=\"\/\/aje.oxfordjournals.org\/content\/124\/6\/903.short\" target=\"_blank\">Seven Countries Study has reported the risk reduction of coronary death<\/a>, <a href=\"\/\/aje.oxfordjournals.org\/content\/161\/7\/672.short\" target=\"_blank\">Nurses&#8217;s Health Study has reported no association<\/a>. <a href=\"\/\/archinte.jamanetwork.com\/article.aspx?articleid=615181\" target=\"_blank\">Framingham Study<\/a>\uff0c<a href=\"\/\/aje.oxfordjournals.org\/content\/160\/2\/141.short\" target=\"_blank\">Cohort study in Denmark<\/a>\uff0c<a href=\"\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/0895435695000666\" target=\"_blank\">Lipid Research Clinics Prevalence Follow-Up Study<\/a> and <a href=\"\/\/ajcn.nutrition.org\/content\/84\/4\/894.short\" target=\"_blank\">Strong Heart Study<\/a> have reported the risk increase of coronary artery disease. Although the association with obese and insulin sensitivity and insulin resistance have been reported, it is not concluded. <\/p>\n<h2>Trans Fatty Acid<\/h2>\n<p>It has been reported that <a href=\"\/\/www.nejm.org\/doi\/full\/10.1056\/NEJMra054035\" target=\"_blank\">it is the risk of coronary artery disease to intake fat containing trans fatty acids from industrial<\/a>. However, trans fatty acids exist in nature, that are included in the meat and dairy products, does not pose a risk of coronary artery disease. Based on the National Health and Nutrition Survey form 2003 to 2007, the median intake of trans fatty acids from industrial are 0.292 g\/d (0.13 %E) in male and 0.299 g\/d (0.16 %E) in femal, respectively. Typical trans fatty acids is shortening. <\/p>\n<p>In meta-analysis in 2011, <a href=\"\/\/www.nature.com\/ejcn\/journal\/v65\/n7\/abs\/ejcn201134a.html\" target=\"_blank\">it has been shown that the relative risk of the maximum intake group of trans fatty acids from industrial increases 1.3 times compared to the minimum intake group<\/a>. It is not consistent with the relationship with diabetes risk. There are reports of <a href=\"\/\/aje.oxfordjournals.org\/content\/161\/7\/672.short\" target=\"_blank\">positive correlation between coronary artery disease and trans fatty acid intake<\/a> and <a href=\"\/\/jn.nutrition.org\/content\/135\/3\/562.short\" target=\"_blank\">positive correlation between serum CRP levels and trans fatty acid intake<\/a>. <\/p>\n<p>For conjugated linoleic acid, diacylglycerol, medium-chain triacylglycerols and plant sterols, because epidemiological studies is insufficient and the estimation of intakes is difficult, it has not been considered. <\/p>\n<h2>Cholesterol<\/h2>\n<p>Cholesterol is produced in the body. Its production is 12-13 mg\/kg\/d. The 3-7 times of cholesterol is produced in the body compared with the cholesterol that is taken orally. The cholesterol production in the liver is regulated by cholesterol intake. <\/p>\n<p>Cholesterol is rich in eggs. Therefore, there are some reports of relationship between egg intakes and arteriosclerosis. In meta-analysis in 2013, <a href=\"\/\/www.bmj.com\/content\/346\/bmj.e8539.full\" target=\"_blank\">it has not been shown of relationship between egg intakes and coronary artery disease and stroke<\/a>. In cohort study for Japanese, <a href=\"\/\/ajcn.nutrition.org\/content\/80\/1\/58.short\" target=\"_blank\">it has not been shown the relationship between egg intakes and the mortality due to ischemic heart disease and stroke<\/a>. In JPHC study, <a href=\"\/\/journals.cambridge.org\/action\/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&#038;aid=932572&#038;fileId=s0007114506003138\" target=\"_blank\">the association with coronary artery disease has not been shown<\/a>. <\/p>\n<p>There are some reports associated with cancers. In NIPPON DATA 80, <a href=\"\/\/ajcn.nutrition.org\/content\/80\/1\/58.short\" target=\"_blank\">Cancer mortality relative risk in the two or more eggs intake group was doubled compared to one egg intake group in female, but it was not statistically significant<\/a>. On the other hand, there are reports of the relationship between cholesterol intake and <a href=\"\/\/cebp.aacrjournals.org\/content\/13\/9\/1521.short\" target=\"_blank\">ovarian cancer<\/a>, <a href=\"\/\/annonc.oxfordjournals.org\/content\/early\/2007\/09\/24\/annonc.mdm446.short\" target=\"_blank\">endometrial cancer<\/a>. There is a report that <a href=\"\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/hep.22941\/full\" target=\"_blank\">hazard ratio of liver cancer or cirrhosis is 2.45, significantly high<\/a>. <\/p>\n<p>References: <\/ br><br \/>\n<a href=\"\/\/www.mhlw.go.jp\/file\/05-Shingikai-10901000-Kenkoukyoku-Soumuka\/0000042631.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">The Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese (2015 edition) Lipids (pdf)<\/a><\/ br><br \/>\n<a href=\"\/\/www.mhlw.go.jp\/shingi\/2009\/05\/dl\/s0529-4g.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">The Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese (2010 edition) Lipids (pdf)<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) Monounsaturated fatty acid is ingested from foods and synthesized by &Delta; &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fujiitoshiki.com\/improvesociety\/?p=6984\" class=\"more-link\"><span class=\"screen-reader-text\">&#8220;Other lipids&#8221; \u306e<\/span>\u7d9a\u304d\u3092\u8aad\u3080<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":6031,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_crdt_document":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[387,547,548],"class_list":["post-6984","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-nutrition","tag-dietary-reference-intakes","tag-monounsaturated-fatty-acids","tag-trans-fatty-acids"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fujiitoshiki.com\/improvesociety\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6984","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fujiitoshiki.com\/improvesociety\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fujiitoshiki.com\/improvesociety\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fujiitoshiki.com\/improvesociety\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fujiitoshiki.com\/improvesociety\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=6984"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/www.fujiitoshiki.com\/improvesociety\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6984\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7059,"href":"https:\/\/www.fujiitoshiki.com\/improvesociety\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6984\/revisions\/7059"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fujiitoshiki.com\/improvesociety\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/6031"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fujiitoshiki.com\/improvesociety\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=6984"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fujiitoshiki.com\/improvesociety\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=6984"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fujiitoshiki.com\/improvesociety\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=6984"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}